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IMMERSION HEATER DESIGN
BY TOM RICHARDS
PROCESS TECHNOLOGY, MENTOR, OHIO; www.process-technology.com
The immersion heater represents a sound, economical method of heating processsolutions in the finishing industry.Classical heater installations consisted of hanging a steam coil on one tankwall, sized to heat up water to a “rule-of-thumb” temperature in two hours.While this method has proved adequate in providing heat and covering a multitudeof oversights, it has also proved unsatisfactory with regard to energy
costs and control. As the cost of energy rose, the finisher increased heat-uptimes in an attempt to conserve energy. Soon, heat losses prevented achievingdesired temperature levels so tank insulation, covers, and other methods of lossconservation were added. Again, adequate solutions to most of the challengeswere found, but the hanging steam coil remained unchanged. Today, we havethe knowledge that allows us to adequately plan, design, install, and operateeconomical, efficient heating systems.Molecular activity, chemical solubility, and surface activity are enhancedthrough temperature elevation. The reduced solution surface tension, low vaporpressure of some organic addition agents, and heat-sensitive decomposition orcrystallization of other additives are major considerations that modify the benefits
gained as solution temperature rises. To achieve a proper balance of all thesefactors, while providing economical installation and operation, it is necessary toanalyze the individual heating requirements of each process. Your best sourceof process information is your process chemical supplier, ...............................
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